Commonly used process flow in petroleum refining - atmospheric and vacuum distillation

March 21, 2024

Basic concept

Atmospheric and vacuum distillation is the collective name for atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation. It is basically a physical process: the raw oil is divided into oils with different boiling point ranges (called fractions) according to their evaporation capacity in the distillation tower. Some of these oils are blended , after adding additives, it is shipped as a product, and a considerable part is the raw material for subsequent processing equipment.

Atmospheric and vacuum distillation is the first process of petroleum processing in a refinery. It is called the primary processing of crude oil and includes three processes: a. Desalination and dehydration of crude oil; b. Atmospheric distillation; c. Vacuum distillation.

Production Process

Crude oil generally contains salt and water, which can cause corrosion of equipment. Therefore, before the crude oil enters atmospheric and vacuum pressure, it is first desalted and dehydrated, usually by adding demulsifier and water.

The crude oil passes through the flow meter, heat exchange part, and distillation tower to form two parts. One part forms the top oil, which passes through the cooler, flow meter, and finally enters the tank area. This part is chemical light oil (the so-called naphtha); The tower bottom oil is formed, and then passes through the heat exchange part and enters the atmospheric pressure furnace and atmospheric tower, forming three parts: one part diesel, one part wax oil, and one part tower bottom oil; the remaining bottom oil passes through the decompression furnace and the decompression tower. , further processed to produce reduced line, wax oil, residual oil and asphalt.

Respective yields: naphtha (light gasoline or chemical light oil) accounts for about 1%, diesel accounts for about 20%, wax oil accounts for about 30%, residual oil and asphalt account for about 42%, and first-line minus accounts for about 5% about.

The atmospheric and vacuum process does not produce gasoline products. Wax oil and residual oil enter the catalytic cracking process to produce refined oils such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. The naphtha is sold directly to other small businesses to produce solvent oil or enter the next step of deep processing. , usually catalytic reforming to produce solvent oil or extracting compounds; reducing the first line can directly adjust lubricating oil.

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